Land
Land Pollution
Land is the basic unit of environment. As it is a stable unit, its growth cannot be increased. Due to the large scale industrialization and urbanization, increasing population and the residual liquids and solid residual materials in the cities are polluting the soil. Pollution is spreading more in the land today due to solid waste. Solid waste often comes from homes, cattle houses, industries, agriculture and other places. Its heaps take the form of mounds because this solid waste includes ash, glass, fruit and vegetable peels, paper, clothes, plastics, rubber, leather, inerts, sand, metals, cattle house waste, cow dung etc. Hazardous chemicals released in the air become contaminated when sulfur, lead compounds reach the soil.
Any unintentional change in the physical, chemical or biological properties of the land, which affects humans and other organisms or destroys the natural quality and utility of the land is called land pollution. Only 50 percent of the available surface of the land surface is usable and the remaining 50 percent of it consists of mountains, trenches, marshes, deserts and plateaus. It is necessary to state here that 79 percent of the world’s food is produced from soil. The importance of this resource (land) increases even more because only 2 percent of the globe gets arable land. Thus, land or soil is an extremely scarce (very limited) resource. Today’s urgent need to save this limited resource from pollution for proper achievement of habitat and food items. Today, at the pace with which the population of the world and India is increasing, the land is being exploited excessively to provide food for these people. As a result, the nutrient capacity of the land is decreasing today. In order to increase nutrient, human is using chemical fertilizers and pesticides fiercely.
Along with this, harmful elements such as methylene, Gemaxin, dithane M75, dithane Z78 and 2,4 D, which are sprayed to protect the plants from diseases and germs and animal birds, destroy natural fertility and interfere with the cultivation of soil and contaminate it. Due to which the food produced in it is becoming toxic and when these toxins reach the human body through food, it becomes many types of diseases. Due to land (soil) pollution, when the land becomes out of its natural nature, that is, unsuitable for the use of agricultural work and standards, it is considered polluted due to various reasons behind this pollution like chemical pollution, earth quarrying, volcanic eruptions which are human Naturally generated land is believed to be due to pollution. During daily cleaning from the residential areas, the kitchen’s wet scrubbing paper, plastic pieces, cloth pieces, glass, vials, thermocol, aluminum, iron wire, tin container, tires and other garbage debris are released. This waste gets contaminated in soil and pollutes the land. Under the municipality, the garbage of the entire city remains rotten in the mud and drains of human excreta, dead animals etc., which contaminates the land. Industrial units are causing the most land pollution, including fertilizer and chemical sugar factories, textile manufacturing units, graphite, thermal power plants, cement factories, soaps, oil and metal manufacturing factories in large quantities when harmful and toxic chemicals are on the ground. They fall and their solid residues take the form of mountains and dunes in many places and due to this the land of that place becomes polluted, without vegetation and unusable. To increase maximum yield in agriculture, one uses chemical fertilizers in the fields. And also spraying of pesticides for protection of crops.
Scientists claim that the effect of these pesticides lasts for 10 to 15 years on land. At the same time, after the crops are cut, when the heaps of unnecessary plants left in the fields are mixed with rainwater, the land gets polluted due to rotting. In search of his residence, humans cut trees from the land and built houses and colonies to live in it. During this construction, the materials used in it, cement, sand, stone, inert, ballast, lime and scattered here and there, after a few days, they join the soil and pollute the soil. When mining, when a person extracts a mineral element from it, then it leaves out many useless substances and objects that have come out during the excavation. Due to which the land there becomes unusable as well as unusable because when the open dust blows in the air, its upper layer covers the land, which causes it to become polluted. Among other sources of land pollution, the desert sand blows into the land of other areas and destroys its fertility power, acid rain, building bricks, shattering due to earthquakes and natural disasters, hospital waste, waste and harmful plants. Due to dams built on rivers for farming and irrigation and drinking water, the land there is converted into marshes, due to which the land pollution comes before us in various forms.
Due to land pollution:-
Land pollution hinders the development of the entire animal world because the land itself is capable of producing food and other essential things for the living of the world. But human beings are polluting the land, playing with their future to fulfil their selfishness. Land pollution occurs due to various reasons –
(i) The materials used in home, hospital, school and market fall under the category of solid waste generated on plastic containers, bins, plastics, electronic goods etc. Some of these are biodegradable and others are non-biodegradable and difficult to dispose of. It is non-biodegradable waste that causes large land pollution.
(ii) The forests are being cut at a rapid pace to meet the various needs of humans. Trees are essential for soil as they help in maintaining various essential nutrients. Cutting trees due to mining, urbanization and other reasons are factors promoting land pollution.
(iii) Disposal of chemical waste is difficult. Both liquid and solid waste derived from pesticides, pesticides and fertilizers are either dumped in landfills or other locations. This degrades the soil and creates another type of land pollution.
(iv) Many high-end farming techniques are being used these days by farmers to ensure high yield of crops. Excess use of these techniques such as excessive use of pesticides and pesticides causes soil erosion. Fruits and vegetables grown in such land are also not considered healthy. It is considered a type of land pollution.
(v) Broken glass, plastic, furniture and polythene etc. thrown from homes also cause land pollution.
(vi) The chemicals released from Ughogo also cause land pollution as heavy metals accumulate on the soil and contaminate the land.
(vii) During the excavation to extract mineral oils from the land, the oil falls on the ground several times and contaminates the soil.
(viii) During the rains, the polluted substances in the air come to the ground and the land is milked.